Why does jute is grown mostly in west bengal not in other. Jute cultivation jute plants corchorusolitoriusand corchoruscapsularis jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. Two successive bumper crops of raw jute including mesta during the year 200102 at 105 lakh bales and estimated 110 lakh bales during 200203 have a dampening impact on the raw jute market. Jute cultivation area and production trends in bangladesh. Detailed discussions on the agricultural practices and crops in assam are available. There are various grades within jute, tosha jute is of highest grade of all. The two species grown for jute fibre are similar and differ only in the shape of their seed pods, growth habit, and fibre.
Special soil charesterics are required for the jute cultivation. Almost 85% of the worlds jute cultivation is concentrated in the ganges delta. This is actually so because jute consume the whole fertility of the soil and because of this it is grown in west bengal as due to the alluvial new alluvium formed by rivers every year in bengal provide suitable condition for the cultivation of jut. J pectin and lignin bonds inherited in raw jute can rot or deteorate the quality of the jute fibre. Use of jute plant for making composites as wood substitute4. Table monthly production and stocks of jute products by type in india. To grow jute, farmers scatter the seeds on cultivated soil. Using jute fiber for composites has many advantages. The land is ploughed, cross ploughed, and planked several times. Table 15 monthly export value of jute products by type from india 15. Friends of dundee city archives registered charity sco 0068 cultivation of jute fdca i d mcintosh page 1 stories from the dundee year books 1890 the cultivation of jute. Pdf jute biology, diversity, cultivation, pest control.
Jute can be raised on all kinds of soils from clay to sandy loam, but loamy alluvial are best suited. Jute corchorus plants on the left, and derived jute rope on the right. The fibers are also woven into curtains, chair coverings, carpets, area rugs, hessian cloth, and backing for linoleum. Anil kumar1 amit ranjan 2saha, pranab hazra3, bikas singha mahapatra2 1crop improvement division, central research institute for jute and allied fibres crijaf, barrackpore. Recently the cultivation of chrysanthemums is popularized for cut flower production in telangana. Apr 21, 20 jute is very important to the economy of bangladesh. The ganga delta region is suitable for jute cultivation due to the rich fertile alluvium soil and favorable temperature and rainfall. Jute is the plant of the genus corchorus of the iliciae family. About 70% of jute produced in india is exported outside every year. Jute is a rainy season crop, sown from march to may according to rainfall and type of land. Jute requires a clean, clodfree field with fine tilth. Report on evaluation of jute service centres, raw material banks and training cum production centres. Nutritional profile of cultivated and wild jute corchorus species shashi bhushan choudhary1, hariom kumar sharma1, pran gobinda karmakar1, a. The process of cultivation of jute begins with the sowing of seeds.
Mar 26, 2007 the documentary shows how jute is cultivated. Cultivation of raw jute crop provides not only fibre which has industrial use, but jute stick which is used as fuel and building material by the farming community. Capsularis jute can grow even in standing water especially towards the latter part of its growth. Jute is in great demand because of the cheapness, softness, strength, length, lustre and uniformity of its fibre. When the plants are about 1520 cm tall, they are thinned out. India has a major share of cultivation of jute and cotton of the world. Partition, migration, and jute cultivation in india. Breeding progressed to merge the best combinations of two original hybrid groups, reducing the original maturity range. Jute has high production efficiency than cotton jute has high production efficiency than cotton crop. Jute is one of the important natural fibers after cotton in terms of cultivation and usage. The most important types of natural fibres used in composite materials are flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, and sisal due to their properties and availability.
Jute fabrics jute is a natural, long and soft vegetable fiber with golden silky shine, also termed as the golden fiber. Little or no jute is produced in the other states of india. Next to cotton, jute is the second important fibre crop of india. Alluvial sandy loam, clay loamy soils are best suited for jute production. Therefore, a view fine preparation of the land is necessary. Jute, hindi pat, also called allyott, either of two species of corchorus plantsc. Crop information about climate and soil requirement, varieties, cultivation practice, sowing, fertilizer, plant protection, harvesting and storage.
The commercial fibre jute is obtained from either one or both of the following species of corchorus, viz. Cultivation of jute in india is mainly confined to the eastern region states. Nov 15, 2016 pat shak jute leaves cooked and consumed as a leafy vegetable dish is from this species of jute plant. Friends of dundee city archives registered charity sco 0068 cultivation of jute fdca i d mcintosh page 1 stories from the dundee year books 1890. The current annual worldwide production of jute fiber is about 3. Corchorus capsularis white jute and corchorus olitorius tossa jute, both native to bangladesh. Raw jute fibre is obtained from two varieties of plant. Jute fiber cultivation cultivation of jute fiber eco. Jute is one of the most versatile fibres known to man.
Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. Uses of jute application of jute products with images. It is a leading cash crop and still a major source of foreign exchange. To merge pdfs or just to add a page to a pdf you usually have to buy expensive software. Nutritional profile of cultivated and wild jute corchorus. China also has a dominating place in jute cultivation. An analysis of the marketing practices of jute farmers in. It is cultivated in 1,320 hectare under open conditions for loose flowers and are used for garland making and religious offerings.
About four months after planting, harvesting begins. It has 23 per cent of the worlds population and 40 per cent of the poorest people in the world. With help of india map you can get list of highest jute production state. Table 14 closing stocks and mill consumption of jute, kenaf and allied fibres in the. The country plough made of wood is used generally for ploughing the land, which does not invent the soil very well. The area under jute cultivation rose sharply from 0. Jute products manufacturing process from fiber to product. Jute provides employment to a considerable labor force. Wheat cultivation income, profit, yield, proejct report. Plain land or gentle slope or low land is ideal for jute cultivation.
The footage contains information of jute cultivation from sowing to fiber extraction. However, this weakness can be overcome by proper retting, washing, drying process and modification of jute fibre. Cultivation of jute in india jute is an important natural fibre. On the other hand, jute production has been reduced from 7. The interest in jute cultivation in this country had its beginning just prior to the time that the fiber began to be largely imported. The very fine threads of jute can be separated out and made into an imitation silk. Jute cultivation and fibre extraction process in india. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Gate to grave phase or use and disposal of the product. Almost 85% of the worlds jute cultivation is concentrated in the ganges delta this fertile geographic region is shared by both bangladesh and india mainly west bengal.
Total labour force in agriculture 32 million in 2011 of which 4 million farmers are engaged in jute cultivation. This fertile geographic region is shared by both bangladesh and india mainly west bengal. Each crop has such types of varieties, which have yielding ability, environmental suitability, resistant to insects and diseases, morphological features size, shape, color, nutritional quality, food value, processing etc. A report on the jute service centre jsc, chennai, established under the national centre for jute diversificatio ncjd kolkata, india 145.
Friends of dundee city archives registered charity sco 0068 cultivation of jute fdca i d mcintosh page 2. Jute can be successfully grown in coimbatore, cuddalore, villupuram, vellore, tiruvannamalai, chengleput and parts of thanjavur, tiruvarur, nagapattinam, tiruchirapalli, perambalur, karur, pudukkottai and tirunelveli, thoothukudi districts where assured supply of irrigation water is available for its cultivation and retting for fibre extraction. As the people of the world are being so much conscious now and trying to stop the cutting wood or plants to save the nature. The new grey alluvial soils of good depth, receiving silt from the annual floods are the best for jute cultivation.
With a view to have knowledge of nutritional aspect of jute leaf, an experiment was conducted with 17 genotypes belonging to six jute species namely, corchorus fascicularis, c. So the land is ploughed and crossploughed at least repeated about 68 times. Jute and kenaf chapter 7 forest products laboratory. Jute cultivation in red soils may require high dose of manure and ph range between 4. Jute is an important natural fibre cash crop just like cotton crop and grows well in hot and moist climate. The south asian region comprising eight countries is one of the most densely populated and poorest regions in the world.
Laterite and gravel soils are not suitable for this crop. Top jute growing countries of the world jute cultivating. Jute is used chiefly to make cloth for wrapping bales of raw cotton, and to make sacks and coarse cloth. Jute fibers are composed primarily of the plant materials cellulose and lignin. The fiber was first spun in england in year 1820 at oxford shire. Jute is the second most important vegetable fibre after cotton. Jute can be harvested within 4 to 6 months, and can produce between 20 to 40 tons of dry stem per hectare. Jute cultivation information detailed guide agri farming. Jute fibers have good insulating properties for both of thermal and of acoustic energies with moderate moisture regain and no skin irritations 3439. Bangladesh and west bengal of india is the highest jute cultivating area. After this juncture the area under jute cultivation varied between 0. Jute production in india has considerably increased or we could well say, it has doubled after independence and in spite of specific low points seen during 1986 and 1996, the crop has revived and is continuing to be the largest producer. Land under jute cultivation in india is about 1200000 acres and the jute obtained each year is about 3 million bales of 200 kg. As a result, it has been preferred to jute as a fiber crop by many countries in africa and latin america, al.
It is harvested from june to september depending upon whether the sowings are early or late. What is the economic importance of the cultivation of fibers. Cultivation of jute was prevalent in the indian subcontinent even during the prehistoric period. Much of this fibrous crop, well suited for rope and bagmaking, is cultivated within the indian subcontinent of asia. West bengal is the largest producer with more than 50 per cent of its production.
Cultivation is dependent on the climate, season, and soil. Jute fibre has large use in the jute mill to produce variety of products like jute bags, jute carpet and jute blanket. Jute is drastically being used as the alternative of wood in the paper manufacturing industry. Consistent with migrants bringing jute speci c skills with them, we nd that migrants did not depress jute yields, did not increase the cultivation of other crops, and did not lower native wages. The primary source of the fiber is corchorus olitorius, but it is considered inferior to corchorus capsularis. The latter is more drought resistant and is therefore grown on lighter soils. Our servers in the cloud will handle the pdf creation for you once you have combined your files.
Apr 25, 2017 what is jute used for, and where is it grown. Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibers, and second only to cotton in the amount produced and variety of uses. Our results are robust to migrant selection into districts with the best markets for jute. Tosha paat tosha jute is mainly used for jute cultivation, its very profitable and as you know jute is mostly cultivated to sell and make profit. Guidance for jute cultivation crop cultivation guidance. Jute is extracted from the bark of the white jute plant corchorus capsularis and to a lesser extent from tossa jute c. It is produced from plants in the genus corchorus, which was once classified with the family tiliaceae, more recently with malvaceae, and has now.
The share of ganga delta contributes for about 85% of the worldwide jute cultivation. Jute cultivation is mainly concentrated in the eastern and north eastern india while that of mesta cultivation is spread almost throughout the country. The required data were collected through structured interview schedule from 803 jute farmers sampled. It is estimated that the jute industry provides direct employment to 0. Sowing in midlands and highlands starts with showers in march or april and continues till early june in the western part of the jute belt. Pdf industrial research advances of jute in bangladesh. There is always significant fluctuation in the area under jute cultivation in india. Cultivation of jute plant in west bengal, india local farmer clean a jute fiber that can be spun into coarse strong threads at a village in nagaon some of 180km east of guwahati. This body will subsume, merge, and integrate the functions of various institutions currently operating in the jute sector. The government earns much revenue from the jute sector. The jute is used for the manufacture of hesian, ropes, etc. In spite of its long history, jute cultivation did not develop much until the beginning of the 19th century. Jute cultivation jute is a rainy season crop, sown from march to may according to rainfall and type of land.
West bengal, bihar, assam, tripura, meghalaya, orissa and uttar pradesh. This is necessary to synthesize the various layers of governmental decisionmaking in a federal set up. Pdf present scenario of jute cultivation in south asia. India is the largest producer of jute goods in the world, while bangladesh is the largest cultivator of raw jute. In comparison, the fastest growing trees take between 10 and 14 years to mature. Jute biology, diversity, cultivation, pest control, fiber product ion and genetics 6 notable v arieties rao et al. The statistics shows that jute cultivation area has been declined gradually from 84 hectare in 2011 to 74. It grows well on alluvial soil and requires high temperature, heavy rainfall and humid climate. But it is not possible to manipulate all the characters in optimum level in the same variety. Jute is an annual crop taking about 120 days aprilmayjulyaugust to grow. We show that refugees can play positive roles in receiving economies by looking at the partition of india. Jute is a cash crop for millions of poor and marginal farm families of the south asian countries. Sep 20, 2016 manas banaerjee, jute farmer from balurghat, south dinajpur of west bengal talks about different varieties of jute that are cultivated in west bengal and aspects of jute cultivation.
The jute plant, which probably originated on the indian subcontinent, is an herbaceous annual that grows to an average of 10 to 12 feet 3 to 3. It is a natural fibre with golden and silky shine and hence called the golden fibre. Jute in south asia food and agriculture organization. Life cycle assessment of jute products, version 3, may 2006 4 phase iii. Raw jute crop is an important cash crop to the farmers. It is produced primarily from plants in the genus corchorus, which was once classified with the family tiliaceae, and more recently with malvaceae. Bag cloth industry is the biggest consumer of jute fibers available in the. Find map showing top 10 jute producing states of india. The cultivation of jute in india is mainly confined to the eastern region states west bengal, bihar, assam, tripura, meghalaya, orrissa and uttar pradesh. We use an instrumental variables iv strategy to show that migrants played a major part in indias takeup of jute cultivation. Jute plant stems laid for drying in the sun with sky and green tree and bushes on background. Jute is specially cultivated in the subcontinent and surrounding countries.
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